Vocabulary:

down payment, noun [C]
an amount of money that you pay at the time that you buy something, but which is only a part of the total cost of that thing. You usually pay the rest of the cost over a period of time:
I've made/put a down payment on a new TV and video.
a down payment on a house
·We almost have enough to make a down payment on a house

up front noun
1 if you give someone an amount of money up front, you pay them before they start a job before goods are supplied:
Did you pay up front or are you waiting till they've finished the job?
He wants all the money up front or he won't do the job.
• We've got to have the money up front before we can do anything.
2 directly and clearly from the start:
• I told you up front that I didn't want to be in a relationship with anyone.
UPFRONT adjective [not before noun]
behaving or talking in a direct and honest way:
• You need to be upfront with Val about your past.

Expenditure noun [C/U] 
1 SPENDING the total amount of money that a government or person spends
a large expenditure of funds
It's part of a drive to cut government expenditure.
The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced.
• The state's expenditure on welfare programs went down by 5% last year. --compare INCOME --see also PUBLIC FUNDING
2 USING SOMETHING when you use energy, time, or money ;the act of using or spending energy, time or money:
The expenditure of effort on this project has been enormous
There has not been enough expenditure of effort on this project.
• The new regulations will require unnecessary expenditure of time and money.
expend   verb
to use or spend especially time, effort or money:
You expend so much effort for so little return.
Governments expend a lot of resources on war.

expendable adjective
If someone or something is expendable, people can do something or deal with a situation without them:
No one likes to think that they're expendable.

cough sth up (COUGH) phrasal verb [M]
to make something come out of your throat or lungs when you cough:
Doctors were worried when she started to cough up blood.
Doctors were worried when she started coughing up blood.
She coughed up a lot of phlegm.
She'd started coughing up blood and was understandably worried.
• The woman was coughing up blood and was rushed to the hospital.

cough (sth) up (PRODUCE) phrasal verb [M] SLANG
to produce money or information unwillingly: to give money to someone although you do not want to
I've just had to cough up £10 for a parking fine.
It's your turn to buy the drinks - come on, cough up!
I had to cough up $35 for a parking fine.
I've already had to cough up £200 for his bike.
• Business owners who do not put up "No smoking" signs will have to cough up a $100 fine.

compensation noun [U]
1 money that is paid to someone in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some inconvenience; money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own was damaged [+ for]:
• The fishermen have demanded compensation for the damage.
• The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.
• The parents are seeking compensation for the birth defects caused by the drug.
• People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation.
• The court awarded Jamieson $30,000 compensation.
She received £40 000 in compensation for a lost eye.
You should claim/seek compensation.
a compensation claim
2 [C,U] something that makes a bad situation better; something that makes you feel better when you have suffered something bad:
I have to spend three months of the year away from home - but there are compensations like the chance to meet new people.
Free food was no compensation for a very boring evening.
• One of the few compensations of losing my job was seeing more of my family.
3 [U] the money someone is paid to do their job:
• Board members will receive compensation in the form of stock options, as well as salary.
The chief executive's compensation package was worth $350,000.
He applied for unemployment/workers' compensation (= money paid to you by a government, usually temporarily, when you do not have a job).
4 [C,U] actions, behavior etc. that replace or balance something that is lacking or bad [+ for]:
• For some people, overeating can be a compensation for stress.

compensate (EXCHANGE) verb [I] 
to take the place of something useful or needed with something else of similar value 
;to reduce the bad effect of something, or make something bad become something good; to provide something good or useful in place of or to make someone feel better about something that has failed or been lost or missed:
Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood.
His enthusiasm more than compensates for his lack of experience.
I took her swimming to compensate for having missed out on the cinema.
We were late and I was driving fast to compensate.
When you have a disability, you learn to compensate by doing other things well.

compensate (PAY MONEY)verb [T] 
to pay (someone) money in exchange for work done, for something lost or damaged, or for some inconvenience ;to pay someone money because you are responsible for injuring them or damaging something
Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries.
Our company tries to keep salaries low, and they compensate employees more with bonuses.

compensatory [Show phonetics]
adjective
MAINLY US He was awarded $3 million in compensatory damages.

damages [Show phonetics]
noun [plural]
 money which is paid to someone by a person or organization who has been responsible for causing them some injury or loss:
She was awarded £400 in damages.
The politician was awarded £50 000 damages over false allegations made by the newspaper.
The police have been ordered to pay substantial damages to the families of the two dead boys.
They were awarded $500,000 in damages.
• The court awarded the families $33 million in damages.

claim damages
to make an official request for money after an accident, from the person who caused your injuries
• Steiner filed a lawsuit claiming damages against her former employer.

pay off noun 
if something that you have done to try to achieve something pays off, it is successful ;a result that rewards you for your effort or work ; the result of a set of actions, or an explanation at the end of something: money paid to someone, especially so that they do not cause trouble or so that they will do what you want them to:
I was pleased to hear about your job offer - all that hard work has obviously paid off.
The pay-off, as far as I'm concerned, is the freedom to use my time as I wish.
He has been accused of making an illegal pay-off to the police to avoid prosecution.
After years of study, the payoff is supposed to be a good job.
He denied receiving any kickbacks or payoffs for giving a large contract to the company.
The payoff for years of research is a microscope which performs better than all of its competitors.
It has been alleged that the minister received a secret payoff from an arms dealer
an advantage or profit that you get as a result of doing something:
• With electric cars, the development costs are high but there is a big environmental payoff.
a payment that is made to someone, often illegally, in order to stop them from causing you trouble:
• It was alleged that union leaders had received huge payoffs from the company's bosses.
a payment made to someone when they are forced to leave their job
She left her job as chief executive of the company with a £50,000 pay-off.

pay off (SUCCESS) phrasal verb
If something you have done pays off, it is successful:to result in success 
I hope this investment pays off.
All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam
• My persistence finally paid off when they called me in for an interview.

pay sth off (MONEY) phrasal verb [M]
to pay back money that you owe: to pay all of the money that you owe
We should be able to pay off the debt within two years.
I'm planning to pay off my bank loan in five years.
I expect to pay the debt off within two years.
The gang threatened to attack his business premises unless he paid them off.
There were rumours that key witnesses had been paid off to keep quiet. [sometimes + to do sth]
The city council has decided to pay off 50 of its employees and take on temporary staff instead
• Ed was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.

pay off obj, pay obj off (PAY FOR DISHONESTY) phrasal verb [M] 
to give (someone) money, often illegally, as a reward for having done something dishonest to help you ; to pay someone to keep quiet about something illegal or dishonest:
He paid off the inspectors with bribes of $500.
• According to rumors, several witnesses in the trial were paid off

pay sb off phrasal verb [M]
1 If your employer pays you off, they pay you for the last time and then end your job, because now they do not need you or could not pay you in the future.
2 INFORMAL to give someone money so that they will not do or say something, or so that they will go away:
There were rumours that key witnesses had been paid off to keep quiet.

refund noun [C]
an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought:
I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded/got/was given a refund.
If you overpaid, you should demand a refund
The holiday company apologized and gave us a full refund.
• You can return it within 30 days for a full refund.
• Two cups were broken, so the store gave me a refund.

refund verb [T]
to give someone a refund: to pay back (money received or spent) ;to give back money that someone has paid to you; to give someone their money back, especially when they are not satisfied with the goods or services they have paid for:
The theater refunded our money when the performance was canceled.
When I went on business to Peru, the office refunded my expenses.
[+ two objects] The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets.
• Saturday's concert is canceled, and tickets will be refunded. --compare REIMBURSE

refundable adjective

bonus noun [C]
1 an extra amount of money that is given to you as a present or reward in addition to the money you were expecting; money added to someone's pay, especially as a reward for good work: an extra amount of money that you are given, especially because you have worked hard
The salary was $40,000, plus a bonus.
A bonus is also any result that is an unexpected benefit: After the heart transplant, every day is a bonus for me.
a productivity bonus
a Christmas bonus
The company used to give discretionary bonus payments.
• Did you get a Christmas bonus this year?
All employees received a bonus of £500.
2  SOMETHING PLEASANT another pleasant thing in addition to something you were expecting; a pleasant additional thing; something good that you did not expect in a situation:
I love the job, and it's an added bonus that it's so close to home
• The fact that the house is so close to the school is an added bonus.
The sunny weather was an added bonus.

no-claims bonus   
noun [C] (ALSO no-claims discount) UK
an amount subtracted from the money paid to an insurance company, especially for motor vehicles, because no claims have been made for a particular period

perk (ADVANTAGE)    noun [C]
1 INFORMAL an advantage or benefit, such as money or goods, which you are given because of your job:
A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job.
Free child care for preschool children of employees was a popular perk.

2 an advantage:
Having such easy access to some of the best cinema and theatre is one of the perks of living in Sydney
[usually plural] A mobile phone is one of the perks of the job.
• One of the perks of my last job was the use of a company car.

perk (MAKE COFFEE) (LIQUID)     verb [I/T] 
(of boiling water or coffee) to move up a tube in a percolator (= a type of coffee maker) when the coffee is being made 
The coffee had begun to perk.

perk (sb) up (BECOME HAPPY) phrasal verb [M]
to become or cause someone to become happier, more energetic or active: to start to feel happier, or to make someone feel happ; to suddenly become happier or more energetic, or to make someone feel this way; (of a thing) to make or become more interesting or exciting, or (of a person) to make or become more active or energetic, or happier 
I felt really tired when I woke up, but I'd perked up a bit by lunchtime.
A strong cup of coffee might perk you up.
She perked up at (= when she thought about) the prospect of lunch. [sometimes + at]
She perked up as soon as I mentioned that Charles was coming to dinner.
He perked up at the news.
Would you like a cup of coffee? It might perk you up a bit
A cup of coffee always perks me up in the morning.
The city is trying to perk up the business district by planting trees.
She perked up considerably when her sister arrived.
• The dogs always perk up when we walk in the room. [T perk sb<-> up]:
• She was taking some herbal energy pills to perk herself up.

perk up (IMPROVE) phrasal verb INFORMAL
to improve or become more exciting:
Share prices perked up slightly before the close of trading.
• Congress hopes consumer spending will perk up in the fall. [T perk sth<-> up]:
• You can perk up the sauce by adding a dash of fresh lime juice

perky adjective
happy and full of energy:
You look very perky this morning.

perkily adverb
"Does anyone want to come out jogging with me?" he said perkily.

perkiness noun [U]